許多使用上部過濾系統的魚友以為，過濾槽愈多層，過濾除垢愈、培菌效果愈好，事實上呢？
Many use upper filter fish friends think that more filter boxes will get better filter and culture bacteria effect, Really true?
一套完整且有效的過濾器系統，包括：
1.物理過濾： Physical filtration
擋污過濾，阻擋大小尺寸排泄物及飼料殘餌、有機雜質...等，繼續回流魚缸，造成二度污染。
2.生化過濾： Biological filtration
利用益菌降低及分解水中有毒物質，降低及去除有毒物質危害魚隻。
3.化學過濾： Chemical filtration
利用不同性質、材質濾材淨化水質，讓水可再利用回收重複使用。
A complete and efficient filter system, including,
1.Physical filtration
Obstruct large size dirt, Avoid dirt back to aquaeium rank again and reduce dirt in water.
2.Biological filtration
Reduce and remove toxic substances in water to jeopardize fish by bacteria.
3.Chemical filtration
Use of different filter material to purify water, water can be recycled for reuse.
由於網路快速傳播影響，魚友對魚與菌存在的必要與重要性，已有些許的認識與瞭解，但也是受到網路影響，對養魚必要的益菌產生錯誤的認知。
1.並非是單一菌種，它是多種菌種的總稱。
2.並非是魚缸中唯一的益菌群，還有分解菌群等。
3.主要功效為「解毒」、「降低毒素」型益菌，是無法讓水質清澈。
4.硝化菌兩大生存條件為：「環境」與「食物」，否則硝化菌難以存活與繁衍。
5.可透過添加粉狀、液體、自行培養硝化菌或利用移植他人濾材...等方式取得硝化菌。
6.硝化菌群的繁衍，無法一蹴可成，需要時間慢慢生成及繁衍，液體類多為活菌，粉狀則以休眠菌類別居多，液體類繁衍速度較粉狀類商品快，但保存期限較短暫。
7.硝化菌群易受到水的pH酸鹼值、硬度、溫度、光照...等因素，而影響其存活期限、繁衍速度...等。
Many fish friends understand the importance of nitrifying bacteria by internet, but also received a lot of error messages by internet, those error messages including,
1.Nitrifying bacteria is not single bacteria, It is a general term for variety of bacteria.
2.There are many bacteria in aquarium tank, nitrifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria are not the only bacteria.
3.The main effect of nitrifying bacteria for decomposition and reduction of toxic substances in water, it is not to purify water.
4.2 necessary conditions for nitrifying bacteria to survive, "environment" and "food".
5.By different ways and pipeline to obtain nitrifying bacteria.
6.Training nitrifying bacteria is taken longer time, training speed by liquid is more faster than powder, liquid is short shelf life than powder.
7.Nitrifying bacteria susceptible to number of reasons affect its survival and reproduction.
許多魚友，在設計過濾系統時，過於著重生化過濾的培菌效果，擴大培菌面積、增加濾材種類與數量，但卻疏於甚至完全沒有設置化學過濾的淨化水質設計與裝置，出現過濾器中的擋垢、培菌及水質淨化功效出現失調，不但水無法清澈，水中的益菌數量也不足。
Many fish friends emphasis on the presence of nitrifying bacteria too much, when setting up filter system, culture bacteria part too much, purify water part very little or none. The filter system function imbalance, The water in aquarium tank can not clear, the number of beneficial bacteria is not enough, This is not a good filter system!
各鰭破裂破損
許多魚友會認為是遭其它魚隻咬啄導致魚鰭破損，這種機會並不高，多半是水質惡化而導致魚鰭出現類似咬啄、分岔，當各鰭（各鰭皆會發生，不僅限於尾鰭）開始出現破損時，鰭的邊緣會出現缺損、鋸齒狀...等，當破損狀況日益惡化，甚至鰭骨間的鰭膜不見、鰭骨間充血，魚隻游動力逐漸下降，甚至出現無法平衡，最後魚隻死亡。當有魚隻出現魚鰭破損時，往往不會只有單一尾出現破鰭，其它魚隻恐怕也會出現不同程度的破損。
魚隻出現爛尾、爛鰭的破損，許多魚友會採用投放黃藥治療，雖然具有治療效果，黃藥不但可大量殺除水中病菌，但連同益菌也一併「清除」，此外，具有藥殘留體內的「後遺症」，強烈不建議投放黃藥治療。
許多資深魚友則採少量換水，藉由換水改善水質狀況、減少水中病菌量，若再塗抹優碘或殺菌消毒藥水稀釋後，以棉花棒擦拭魚鰭破損處，可加速魚鰭的癒合，擦拭時可先將魚隻移至魚缸，擦拭後數秒後再移回魚缸即可。藉由換水及優碘擦拭，可避免藥物殘留體內的風險，但優碘具有強大殺菌效果，也會殺除水中益菌，因此，可適時補充硝化菌液或粉，避免水中硝化菌群數量銳減。
經過連續三天擦拭及換水，魚隻的各鰭破損不再擴大且已逐漸癒合，為避免魚隻發生破鰭、爛尾等病狀，就必須保持水質乾淨，而長時間未更換部份水、高密度養殖、高餵食量造成高污染...等原因，是導致破鰭爛尾最常見的「禍源」。
由於該魚缸內魚隻出現各鰭破裂，經過一段時間治療後，魚鰭破裂狀況仍未改善，經與魚友討論後，先進行破鰭治療，待破鰭狀況好轉後，再進行第一階段過濾器改造。
數日之後，魚鰭破損已逐漸好轉，準備進行過濾器改造。
Fin rupture, damaged!
Many fish friends think that fin rupture are biting by other fish, This situation is rare, Most of the reason from deterioration of water quality, which led to fin appears damaged, bifurcation and even fester, The fish swim momentum gradually decline, or even fail to balance, fish maybe die in short time, When the fish fin damage, it is not just only single appears broken, other fish will probably damage, too.
Many fish friends to treat fin damage by xanthate（Furacilin）, The xanthate can kill most of pathogenic bacteria, but also kill beneficial bacteria in water, too. Xanthate will accumulate in fish body, it will produce antibodies to other diseases in future, Maybe we can use other treatment method.
Our treatment recommendations:
1.Use betadine to treatment of damaged fins, ulcers.
2.Replacing part of the water to improve water quality continuously. (Change water, it can reduce number of pathogenic bacteria in water.)
3.After changing the water, pour some of nitrifying bacteria liquid or powder, nitrifying bacteria supplement.
After discussion with this fish friend, Before the first stage of reconstruction filters, we will to treat broken fin preferentially, After condition improved, Then the next stage of filter modification.
After 3 days, fins rupture, ulceration, have improved gradually! it will reduce the chance of fins rupture and ulceration to avoid high-density breed.
After several days, fin damage has gradually improved, ready to transform filters.
這次過濾器改造計畫，將分兩階段進行，說明如下：
We will be divided into 2 stages to modify filter. Explanation as follows,
第一階段： Stage 1
以現有設備及濾材進行調整與修正，以穩定水質、減少水面細微泡泡數量、減輕整組過濾器龐大的重量，及進行魚隻各鰭破裂為主。
There are many major works in this stage, inluding,
1.Stable water quality.
2.Reduce the number of fine water bubbles.
3.Treatment fins rupture, ulceration.
4.To mitigate and reduce the weight of filter by original filter material.
一、第一階段調整 Some adjustment and revise in stage 1
（一）、設備介紹： Equipment
魚缸尺寸 Sixze：3尺魚缸，90x30x45cm
過濾器型式 Type：上部過濾器 upper filter
濾盒數量 Filter box：橫2x5層，共10個 10 boxes
魚隻數量 Fish：共7尾 7 fish
魚友設計過濾器共放置10個過濾盒（便當盒），但水仍看起來霧霧，並不清澈，於是先請魚友在第一層海棉上方多放入一層紗窗網，用來阻擋較大尺寸及體積的污垢，降低海棉受污染而堵塞。
This filter have 10 filter boxes （2x5=10 boxes）, bit there are still lot of bubbles on water usually, these bubbles are an important indicator to observe water quality good or bad. although there are 10 filter boxes in this filter system, but all fish still appear fin broken or fishtail fester, Is this a good filter system? Is it right that "More filter boxes get higher filtering effect"?
We laid on screens-net above first layer of sponge in first layer filter box, it will try to reduce large size dirt to pollute sponge.
放入紗窗網五天後，觀察紗窗網及第一層海棉表面受污染情況。
After 5 days later, we observe the surface of screens-net and white sponge.
左側過濾盒內紗窗網表面 The left side filter box surface of screens-net
The left side filter box surface of white sponge, the right side filter box surface of screens-net, the surface of sponge is very clear, no more dirt like a hill.
二、第一階段調整 Adjustment and revise in stage 2
利用現有的濾材進行過濾器系統的調整與修正，期望達到下列幾個目的： It will be adjusted and correction filters, We are hoping to get the following purposes:
1.不增加費用支出。
2.以現有濾材為基礎進行調整與修正。
3.減輕使用濾材數量及過濾器重量。
4.減少水中細微有機雜質量，提高水清澈度。
5.減少清洗海棉次數及更新海棉次數，減少硝化菌等益菌群流失。
1.Do not increase expenses.
2.To make adjustments and amendments by original filter material.
3.To reduce filter material quantity and weight.
4.To reduce fine organic impurities in water and to improve water clarity.
5.To reduce number of cleaning sponges and change new sponge, reducing the loss of nitrification bacteria and beneficial bacteria.
（二）、過濾器設計與安排 Filter design and arrangement
由上而下的排列與安排： From top to down arrangement
第一層濾盒：紗窗網＋白棉 The 1st layer of filter box：screens-net ＆ white sponge.
↓
第二層濾盒：白棉 The 2nd layer of filter box：white sponge.
↓
第三層濾盒：陶瓷環＋培菌棒 The 3rd layer of filter box：ceramic ring ＆ culture bacteria cudgel.
↓
第四層濾盒：木碳 The 4th layer of filter box：charcoal.
↓
第五層濾盒：陶瓷環＋細珊瑚砂 The 5th layer of filter box：ceramic ring ＆ coral sand.
由於原有過濾盒為五層，在不減少過濾盒層下，進行調整與修正。
1.在第一層白棉上方維持放置紗窗網。
2.第二層則放置白棉，除利用增加一層海棉阻擋較多污垢，減少水中水中細微有機雜質數量，同時，增加益菌群附著面積。
3.第三層保留許多原有的陶瓷環與培菌棒，增加益菌附著面積，該層以重量較輕培菌濾材為主。
4.木碳可達到淨化水質與培菌功效。
5.最底層濾盒以原有細小珊瑚砂石、培菌棒、培菌石球混合，擴大菌類附著面積、石材類濾材密度較高，可減緩水流，造成濾盒積水、放置較多數量石材類濾材，將重量較重的濾盒放置最底層，同時有利於分解菌附著。
It will not to change 5 layers filter boxes to adjustment and correction filter.
1.Laying screens-net above white sponge.
2.Increase number of white sponge, improve to obstruct more dirt, reduce amount of organic impurities in the water, increase area of adhesion of bacteria.
3.Retain many original light weight of the filter material. （culture bacteria filter material）
4.Use charcoal to purify water.
5.Mix up ceramic ring, coral sand ＆ culture bacteria cudgel...etc, Those filter material can slow flow of water,
it will provide more decomposing bacteria attachment area.
由於原有過濾盒為五層，在不減少過濾盒層下，進行調整與修正。
1.在第一層白棉上方維持放置紗窗網。
2.第二層則放置白棉，除利用增加一層海棉阻擋較多污垢，減少水中水中細微有機雜質數量，同時，增加益菌群附著面積。
3.第三層保留許多原有的陶瓷環與培菌棒，增加益菌附著面積，該層以重量較輕培菌濾材為主。
4.木碳可達到淨化水質與培菌功效。
5.最底層濾盒以原有細小珊瑚砂石、培菌棒、培菌石球混合，擴大菌類附著面積、石材類濾材密度較高，可減緩水流，造成濾盒積水、放置較多數量石材類濾材，將重量較重的濾盒放置最底層，同時有利於分解菌附著。
It will not to change 5 layers filter boxes to adjustment and correction filter.
1.Laying screens-net above white sponge.
2.Increase number of white sponge, improve to obstruct more dirt, reduce amount of organic impurities in the water, increase area of adhesion of bacteria.
3.Retain many original light weight of the filter material. （culture bacteria filter material）
4.Use charcoal to purify water.
5.Mix up ceramic ring, coral sand ＆ culture bacteria cudgel...etc, Those filter material can slow flow of water,
it will provide more decomposing bacteria attachment area.
（三）、測量水質 Measuring water
NO2：0
經過調整與修正後，包括：
1.減少1/2濾材數量，過濾器重量也大幅減輕。
2.具備物理、生化及化學過濾三道完整過濾。
3.減緩水質敗壞速度。
4.可減少海棉受污染情況、清洗海棉次數，減少硝化菌大量流失。
5.提高魚隻穩定度。
1.減少1/2濾材數量，過濾器重量也大幅減輕。
2.具備物理、生化及化學過濾三道完整過濾。
3.減緩水質敗壞速度。
4.可減少海棉受污染情況、清洗海棉次數，減少硝化菌大量流失。
5.提高魚隻穩定度。
After adjustment and correction filters,
1.Reduce half number of filter, but also significantly reduce the weight of the filter, too.
2.With physical, biological and chemical filtration, this is an efficacy better filtration system.
3.To slow down water water quality corrupt speed.
4.The sponge can reduce the extent of contamination, cleaning sponge times, reduce loss of large number of nitrifying bacteria.
5.To improve the stability of the fish.
第三階段，即將進行更換《mini 多效除垢培菌棉》組及《mini 淨水培菌包》，以重量更輕、體積更小濾材，替代原有沈重、龐大眾多的濾材，達到更高的擋垢、培菌及淨化水質的過濾功效。
Change "Mini multi-effect cleaning and bacteria culture filter sponge", and "Mini multi-effect water purification and culture bacteriostatic filter package",
it will improve the higher effectiveness of obstruct dirt, culture more bacteria, and stable water quality by use of less filter material and space.
Coming soon!!
．過濾器改造計畫（四） Reconstruction filter 4
．過濾器改造計畫（三） Reconstruction filter 3
．過濾器改造計畫（二） Reconstruction filter 2
．過濾器改造計畫（一） Reconstruction filter 1
